At a recent meeting of the American Public Transit Association, the Environmental Protection Agency unveiled
stringent new standards for pollution control. The transit authorities were particularly concerned about the
implementation of a proposed “Clean Air Act.” They believed the provisions of the Clean Air Act could severely
affect basic services to their local communities. Many transit agencies were concerned that it would be difficult
to comply with the pollution and emissions control standards while continuing to operate within realistic budgets.
The aim of the Clean Air Act is to assure that by the year 2000, there will be a reduction of at least 10 million
tons of sulfur dioxide from 1980 levels. The bill also calls for a reduction in pollutants that contribute to the
depletion of ozone. Strict regulations of toxic air emissions would have to be established and enforced.
Additionally, the Clean Air Act would establish specific acid-rain reduction quotas and enforce severe penalties
for transgressors of any of the new clean air regulations.
There is little doubt that mass-transit suppliers will be considerably affected by this new legislation, just as the
chemical and petroleum industries have already been affected by similar legislation. Transit authorities are
challenged to strike a difficult balance between complying with the government’s new standards and developing
an official concern for the environment, while continuing to fulfill the transportation needs of the general
population.
Among the areas addressed by the Clean Air Act, the topic of mobile resources is of particular interest to mass
transit authorities. Provisions contained in the Act under this title are aimed at encouraging the development
and practical use of alternative fuel sources, like solar energy and methane fuel. The goal of this section of the
Act is to eradicate toxic fuel emissions in order to provide cleaner air and a more favorable environment. The
Act even goes so far as to declare that in cities like New York, Los Angeles and Houston – where air quality is
particularly noxious and toxins exceed the limits of federal regulations – forms of mass transit should run on socalled “clean-burning fuels” by the year 2000. Such fuels include reformulated gasoline, propane, electricity,
natural gas, ethanol, methanol, or any similar type of low-emission fuel. In addition, the Act proposes that, by
1994, all new urban buses in cities with populations exceeding one million must operate solely on clean-burning
fuels.
The topics of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles represent, by far, the most controversial issue in the
Clean Air Act. President Bush has called alternative fuels “bold and innovative” means to control pollution, but
according to many transportation experts, the Act’s proposals on alternative fuel usage are unrealistic. The
transit authorities recognize that concern for the environment and health hazards like pollution are global
issues. However, most transit officials concur that inventing and developing new ways to fuel mass transit will
take at least 50 years to realize. They point out that the Act does not mention the political and social
ramifications of usurping the role of the petroleum industries. The Act does not mention if or how the thousands
of people employed by the oil industry will get retrained to produce and implement the use of “clean” fuel.
No one disputes the fact that people need some form of transportation to get from place to place. Preserving
the environment should be a priority, yet we need to remember that even if toxic emissions are completely
eliminated sometime in the future, the challenge of moving mass numbers of people where they want to go will
still exist and must remain a priority. Transit authorities contend that unless the Clean Air Act also
acknowledges this, and develops a way to encourage mass transit over personal transportation, the problems
of pollution might not be significantly altered. They suggest that there are many areas in this country that have
little or no mass transit and that, if the Clean Air Act’s goal is to reduce pollution, perhaps the most practical and
realistic means to achieve that goal is to encourage the development and maintenance of mass transit
systems.
The main goal of the “Mobile Resources” section of the Clean Air Act is to: